Consider the following interleaved memory designs for a main memory system with 16 memory modules. Each module is assumed to have a capacity of 1 M Byte. The machine is byteaddressable. Design 16 ways interleaving with one memory bank.
To design a 16-way interleaved memory system with one memory bank, use 4 interleaving bits (2^4 = 16) in the memory address. Each of the 16 memory modules has a 1 M Byte capacity. The address bits 0-3 select on e of the 16 modules, while bits 4-31 address data within the chosen module. This setup ensures even distribution of data across modules, minimizing access contention. A complete 32-bit address is used for data access, allowing efficient access to memory.
Why CSMA/CD is not implemented in WLAN?
In wired networks, the received signal has almost the same energy as the sent signal because either the length of the cable is short or there are repeaters that amplify the energy between the sender and the rec eiver. This means that in a collison the detected energy almost doubles. However, in a wireless network much of the sent energy is lost in transmission. The received signal has very little energy. Therefore a collison may add only 5 to 10 percent additional energy. This is not useful for effective collision detection. Hence CSMA / CD is not used in a wireless network.
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